Do I Need Shoulder Surgery? Understanding Surgical Options for Shoulder Pain

What are the different types of shoulder surgery?
Surgical procedures for shoulder pain are usually considered only after conservative treatments (like physical therapy or non-invasive interventions) have not helped. Common types include:

• Arthroscopic surgery – Minimally invasive surgery using a camera and small tools to repair tissues (e.g. rotator cuff repair, labral repair, or debridement)
• Rotator cuff repair – Fixes torn tendons in the rotator cuff
• Shoulder decompression (acromioplasty) – Removes bone spurs to relieve impingement
• Shoulder stabilization surgery – For patients with recurring dislocations or instability
• Shoulder replacement surgery (arthroplasty) – Partial or total replacement of the joint, often for severe arthritis

What is the recovery time for shoulder surgery?
Recovery depends on the type of surgery performed:

• Arthroscopic procedures: 2–3 months for basic function, up to 6 months for full recovery
• Rotator cuff repair: 4–6 months (sometimes longer for full strength)
• Shoulder replacement: 3–6 months for daily use, up to 1 year for full recovery
• Most surgeries require physical therapy for optimal outcomes
• Sling immobilization is often needed for several weeks post-op

What are the risks of shoulder surgery?
All surgeries carry risks, though many are uncommon. These include:

• Infection
• Bleeding
• Stiffness or frozen shoulder
• Nerve damage
• Failure to fully relieve pain or restore movement
• Reaction to anesthesia
• Re-tears or recurrence of the condition (especially in rotator cuff surgery)

That’s why many patients prefer to explore non-invasive options first, especially for chronic wear-and-tear conditions or injuries that don’t require urgent surgical intervention.