Causes and Risk Factors of a Slipped Disc

FAQ Series — The Pain Relief Clinic Singapore

What causes a slipped disc?

A slipped disc, also called a herniated disc, usually results from a combination of gradual wear and tear and sudden physical stress on the spine. The disc’s outer layer can weaken over time, making it more prone to rupture with even a mild movement.

Common causes include:

• Degeneration with age (disc drying and weakening)
• Sudden twisting or bending
• Lifting heavy objects improperly
• Accidents or trauma
• Repetitive stress from certain sports or jobs

Often, patients cannot recall a specific incident that triggered the pain — instead, symptoms appear after years of cumulative stress on the spine.

Who is most at risk of a slipped disc?

You may be at increased risk if you:

• Are between 30–60 years old
• Have a physically demanding job
• Lead a sedentary lifestyle
• Have poor posture (especially with long hours at a desk)
• Are overweight (increased load on the spine)
• Have a history of spinal injury
• Smoke (which reduces disc nutrition and healing capacity)

Both lack of movement and repeated strain can increase risk — which is why even office workers experience slipped discs.

Can age increase the risk of a slipped disc?

Yes. As we age, our spinal discs lose water content, become less flexible, and more prone to tearing. This natural aging process, known as disc degeneration, is a major factor in slipped discs in older adults. However, young individuals with active or physically demanding lifestyles may also develop disc problems.

Does heavy lifting cause slipped discs?

Yes — especially when lifting is done with poor form. Bending from the waist or twisting while carrying a load places excess pressure on the discs, particularly in the lower back. Repeated improper lifting, even with moderate weights, increases the likelihood of disc damage.

Can sitting for long periods lead to a slipped disc?

Yes. Sitting for long durations, especially with poor posture or inadequate lumbar support, increases pressure on spinal discs — especially in the lower back. Over time, this can contribute to disc degeneration or herniation. Taking regular breaks to stand and stretch is strongly recommended, particularly for people who work at desks or drive frequently.